ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Problem Area in Diabetes [PAID] questionnaire is a tool used to identify depression and psychological distress caused by diabetes. Considering the importance of rapid screening of these patients in primary care, PAID-5 can be very helpful in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of PAID-5 for the first time in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 110 eligible patients with diabetes, admitted to Imam Hussein Hospital diabetic clinic in the city of Shahroud for one year. Having employed short and long forms of the PAID questionnaire, the present study, then, used various statistical tools including exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Roc Curve, T-Test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the collected data. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the PAID-5 was 0.75. The correlation coefficient between the average scores of PAID-5 and PAID-20 was 0.887. The results of exploratory factor analysis for PAID-5 explain 51 % of the total variance. The cut-off point obtained for the PAID-5 questionnaire was 8. Conclusion: The results show that the short form, like the long form, enjoys appropriate reliability and validity to identify diabetes-related depression and emotional distress in Iranian diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Stressful and unpredictable conditions in the pre-hospital emergency medical staff by imposing additional psychological pressure can affect and cause serious consequences in the long run. The aim of this study was to determine the burnout, dimensions and its related factors in the operational staff of medicine emergency.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 114 operational staff of medicine emergency in Shahroud city. They were selected through convenient sampling method. The instruments used were included personal and professional information form and "Maslach Burnout Questionnaire". Content validity and test- retest reliability were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS/16.
Findings: Most staff had a moderate level of burnout in terms of reps [53.78%] and severity [43.82%] Burnout [in all dimensions] was the most of the personnel at the moderate level. There was a significant correlation between burnout and age [P<0.001], work experience [P=0.02] and working hours [P<0.001] but no significant correlation between marital status [P=0.18] and educational level [P=0.09].
Conclusion: Burnout among emergency medicine personnel was moderate level. Also it was noted that burnout increases as age and work experience of personnel rises. Education in order to decrease the impact of burnout condition further precaution is suggested.